What is AVR pin?
AVR® 8-bit microcontrollers control applications through their digital Input and Output (I/O) pins. These pins can monitor any voltage present as a high impedance input and supply or sink current as a high or low voltage digital output. These pins are usually organized in groups of eight and referred to as a port.
What is the use of input capturing which timers of ATmega32 can be used for input capturing?
In AVR ATmega32, Timer1 can be used as an input capture to detect and measure events happening outside the microcontroller. Upon detection of a defined event i.e. rising edge or falling edge on ICP pin (PORTD.
What is the use of input capturing?
Input capture is a method of dealing with input signals in an embedded system. Embedded systems using input capture will record a timestamp in memory when an input signal is received. It will also set a flag indicating that an input has been captured.
What is input capture in microcontroller?
The Input Capture module is used to capture a timer value from one of two selectable time bases on the occurrence of an event on an input pin. The Input Capture features are useful in applications requiring frequency (Time Period) and pulse measurement.
How do you read AVR pin?
The pins in each port are numbered 0-7 and we set them high or low by writing a 1 or 0 to the associated bit in the register. For example, to set pin 3 high, we need to make sure that the ‘3’ bit of PORTB is a one. The ‘3’ bit is actually the fourth from the right. The bits are numbered from 0 going from right to left.
What is AVR ports?
In AVR microcontroller family, there are many ports available for I/O operations, depending on which family microcontroller you choose. For the ATmega32 40-pin chip 32 Pins are available for I/O operation. The four ports PORTA, PORTB, PORTC, and PORTD are programmed for performing desired operation.
What are timers in AVR?
Timers as registers In AVR, timers are of two types: 8-bit and 16-bit timers. In an 8-bit timer, the register used is 8-bit wide whereas in 16-bit timer, the register width is of 16 bits. This means that the 8-bit timer is capable of counting 2^8=256 steps from 0 to 255 as demonstrated below.
Which register is responsible for generating duty cycle in AVR?
Setting Duty cycle: we have to load value in the OCR0 register to set the duty cycle.
What is capture mode?
Capture mode lets you measure time intervals of external events picked up by the CCP pin. If the time gap of those events is too large, you can use the TIMER overflow interrupt to count rollovers and add it to the captured value.
What is a capture tag?
What is watchdog timer in embedded system?
A watchdog timer (WDT) is a timer that monitors microcontroller (MCU) programs to see if they are out of control or have stopped operating. It acts as a “watchdog” watching over MCU operation. A microcontroller (MCU) is a compact processor for controlling electronic devices.
What is DDR in AVR?
The data direction register (DDR) is most likely the first register that you configure since the DDR register determines if pins on a specific port are inputs or outputs. The DDR register is 8 bits long and each bit corresponds to a pin on that I/O port.
What is the role of DDR port pin register of AVR controller?
DDRx register: Data Direction Register configures the data direction of port pins. These registers are used for determining whether port pins will be used for input or output. On writing 1 to a bit in DDRx makes corresponding port pin as output, while writing 0 to a bit in DDRx makes corresponding port pin as input.
How high can an 8-bit timer Count?
255
8-bit Timers can only count up to 255.
What is PWM in AVR?
Pulse Width Modulation in AVR Microcontroller. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a square wave with varying low and high amplitude signal. A general PWM signal is given in a figure below: There are various terms related with the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM): Off-Time: Duration of time period when the signal is low.
What is duty cycle in AVR?
A period of a pulse consists of an ON cycle (5V) and an OFF cycle (0V). The fraction for which the signal is ON over a period is known as the duty cycle.
What is PWM capture?
The CCU6 unit is used to capture an external PWM signal and calculate its frequency and duty cycle. A simple PWM signal is generated by toggling a port pin. The resulting PWM frequency and duty cycle is measured by the Capture/Control Unit 6 (CCU6).
What is CCP1 and CCP2?
CCPs are divided into “major” (CCP1) and “minor” (CCP2). CCP1 requires complete elimination of a hazard to ensure food safety, whereas CCP2 requires a hazard reduction to ensure control. CCP2 is less critical to food safety and hence requires less monitoring.